Friday 13 April 2012

Sugar: Food or Poison? - Misagh Ishani


 
What is Sucrose?
Sucrose or table sugar is what we have been using for years to sweeten our foods. It is used as a sweetener in candies, chocolates, and desserts. Sucrose is a carbohydrate. All carbohydrates contain three main elements of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. Sucrose is a disaccharide carbohydrate. It means it is composed of two smaller hydrocarbon molecules (monosaccharide). The two monosaccharides that form sucrose are Fructose and Glucose.
Where does it come from?
The sugar we use every day comes from two main sources: sugarcanes and sugar beets. In fact, first sugarcanes are washed and chopped up into small pieces. Then, they are immersed into hot water to leach their sweet syrup. Then, after filtration of this dark syrup, it is crystallized to form pure, white crystals that we use as a sweetener.
What are some of the Benefits of Sugar?
Other than using sugar as a sweetener, it has many other benefits. For instance, the alcohol (ethanol) produced from fermentation of sucrose can be used in alcoholic beverage industry. Sucrose can also be used as a flavor, preservative, and as coating for tablets.
Now, is Sugar Good to Eat?
Yes. Although sugar is neither a toxic nor a hazardous compound, intake of too much sugar can cause health issues. For instance, there are some bacteria living in mouth that convert sugar into alcohol (ethanol) and acid. The process through which sucrose is converted into alcohol is called fermentation. This acid can damage the enamel of the teeth and cause dental caries. In addition, eating more than 500g/day may cause heart diseases and obesity. Also, overexposure to sugar can cause skin, eyes, and respiratory diseases. Due to these health issues, some scientists have suggested different substitutes for sugar such as sucralose (low calorie), Xylitol (sugar alcohol), and many other artificial sweeteners. Now, the question is, are these substitutes healthy or they may create new health issues?

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